{"id":17375,"date":"2026-02-11T11:10:51","date_gmt":"2026-02-11T05:40:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/?p=17375"},"modified":"2026-02-11T11:10:54","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T05:40:54","slug":"linux-file-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/linux-file-system","title":{"rendered":"Linux File System Explained With Examples in 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>The Linux file system is<\/strong> a hierarchical structure that organizes data into files and directories under a single root (\/). It follows the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), where system binaries, configurations, logs, devices, and user data live in defined locations. Understanding mount points, inodes, permissions, and common directories is essential for troubleshooting, performance, and security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When you hear <strong>\u201cLinux file system,\u201d<\/strong> think of a consistent, predictable way to store and access everything on a Linux server: applications, configurations, logs, devices, and user data. In this guide, we\u2019ll explain the Linux file system with practical examples, commands, and best practices from years of managing production servers and hosting environments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-the-linux-file-system\">What is the Linux File System?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Linux uses a single rooted directory tree that starts at <code>\/<\/code> (root). All files, directories, and attached storage devices are accessed somewhere under this tree through mount points.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/What-is-the-Linux-File-System.jpg\" alt=\"Linux File System\" class=\"wp-image-17509\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/What-is-the-Linux-File-System.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/What-is-the-Linux-File-System-150x84.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike Windows (which uses drive letters), Linux unifies everything under one structure, making it consistent across local disks, network shares, and removable media.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key concepts to know:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>FHS (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard)<\/strong>: Defines where files should live.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inodes<\/strong>: Store file metadata (owner, permissions, timestamps, pointers to data).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mount points<\/strong>: Directories where file systems are attached.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>File types<\/strong>: Regular files, directories, links, devices, sockets, and pipes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Permissions<\/strong>: Read\/write\/execute rules for users, groups, and others.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"linux-directory-structure-fhs-explained\">Linux Directory Structure (FHS) Explained<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard keeps Linux distributions consistent, so admins can predict where things live regardless of the distro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"root\">\/ (root)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The top of the tree. All other directories branch from here. Only root (the superuser) typically writes directly to <code>\/<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bin-and-sbin\">\/bin and \/sbin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Essential binaries needed for booting and repairing the system. <code>\/bin<\/code> is for common user commands; <code>\/sbin<\/code> is for system administration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"etc\">\/etc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>System wide configuration files. For example, network configs, service definitions, package manager settings, and <code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code> for mounts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"home\">\/home<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>User home directories, e.g., <code>\/home\/alex<\/code>. Store personal files and per user application settings (dotfiles).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"root\">\/root<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Home directory for the root user. Not to be confused with <code>\/<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"var\">\/var<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Variable data that changes frequently: logs (<code>\/var\/log<\/code>), mail, caches, queues, and databases. Critical for monitoring disk growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tmp\">\/tmp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Temporary files; often cleared on reboot. World writable but protected by sticky bit to prevent file hijacking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"usr-and-usr-local\">\/usr and \/usr\/local<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code>\/usr<\/code> holds userland software and libraries installed by the distribution (<code>\/usr\/bin<\/code>, <code>\/usr\/sbin<\/code>, <code>\/usr\/lib<\/code>). <code>\/usr\/local<\/code> is for locally compiled or manually installed software to avoid conflicts with system packages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lib-lib64\">\/lib, \/lib64<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Shared libraries for binaries in <code>\/bin<\/code> and <code>\/sbin<\/code>. On 64 bit systems, you\u2019ll also see <code>\/lib64<\/code> for 64 bit libs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"boot\">\/boot<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kernel, initramfs, and bootloader files. Often a separate partition to ensure the system can boot even if other volumes have issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dev\">\/dev<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Device files representing hardware (e.g., disks, terminals). Linux treats devices as files, which simplifies I\/O operations and tooling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"proc-and-sys\">\/proc and \/sys<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Virtual file systems exposing kernel and process info. <code>\/proc\/cpuinfo<\/code>, <code>\/proc\/meminfo<\/code>, and <code>\/sys<\/code> for kernel device parameters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"run\">\/run<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Runtime state information since boot: PID files, sockets, and other volatile data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mnt-and-media\">\/mnt and \/media<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Standard mount points. <code>\/media<\/code> is typically used for removable media (USB drives), while <code>\/mnt<\/code> is for temporary mounts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"opt-and-srv\">\/opt and \/srv<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code>\/opt<\/code> for optional, third party software bundles. <code>\/srv<\/code> for service data (e.g., web or FTP data), depending on admin preference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"file-types-inodes-and-permissions\">File Types, Inodes, and Permissions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"inodes-the-metadata-backbone\">Inodes: The Metadata Backbone<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>An inode stores metadata: owner, group, permissions, timestamps, and data block pointers. Filenames are stored in directories and point to inodes; multiple names can reference the same inode (hard links).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Inspect inode and metadata\nstat \/etc\/hosts\n\n# Count free\/used inodes on a filesystem\ndf -i<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"permissions-and-ownership\">Permissions and Ownership<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Linux uses read (r), write (w), and execute (x) permissions for user, group, and others. Ownership is defined by a user and a group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># View long listing with permissions\nls -l \/var\/log\n\n# Change owner and permissions\nsudo chown www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/html\/index.html\nsudo chmod 640 \/var\/www\/html\/index.html<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"hard-links-vs-symbolic-links\">Hard Links vs Symbolic Links<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hard links point to the same inode (same data) and can\u2019t span file systems. Symbolic links (symlinks) point to a pathname and can cross file systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Create examples\nln fileA.txt fileA-hardlink.txt      # hard link\nln -s \/var\/log\/nginx accesslog-link  # symlink\n\n# Identify file types and links\nls -l<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"partitions-file-system-types-and-mount-points\">Partitions, File System Types, and Mount Points<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A \u201cfile system\u201d is a method of organizing data on a partition or volume. In Linux hosting, the most common types are ext4 and XFS, with Btrfs and ZFS used for snapshots and advanced features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ext4<\/strong>: Stable, widely supported, good performance and journaling. Great default.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>XFS<\/strong>: Excellent for large files and parallel I\/O; common in enterprise Linux.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Btrfs<\/strong>: Snapshots, checksums, subvolumes; requires careful tuning.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ZFS<\/strong>: Robust integrity, snapshots, compression; typically managed outside the default kernel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># List disks, partitions, and file systems\nlsblk -f\n\n# Show mounted file systems and usage\ndf -hT\n\n# Mount a device\nsudo mount \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt\n\n# Make mounts persistent via \/etc\/fstab (example entry)\n# UUID=xxxx-xxxx \/var  xfs  defaults,noatime  0 2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Best practice on servers is to use separate file systems for <code>\/var<\/code> (logs and databases), <code>\/home<\/code>, and sometimes <code>\/tmp<\/code>. This prevents a runaway log file from filling the entire system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For scaling, Linux often uses LVM (Logical Volume Manager) to grow or snapshot volumes, and RAID for redundancy. Choose RAID-1\/10 for performance and resilience on critical web and database servers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"essential-commands-to-explore-the-linux-file-system\">Essential Commands to Explore the Linux File System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Navigate\npwd\ncd \/var\/log\ncd -    # back\n\n# List and inspect\nls -lah\ntree -L 2 \/etc  # may require 'sudo apt install tree'\n\n# Space usage\ndf -h\ndu -sh \/var\/* | sort -h\n\n# Find files\nfind \/var\/www -type f -name \"*.php\"\ngrep -R \"DB_PASSWORD\" \/etc\n\n# Identify file types\nfile \/bin\/bash<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"practical-examples-youll-use-daily\"><strong>Practical Examples You\u2019ll Use Daily<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-inspecting-system-logs\">1) Inspecting System Logs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Logs live under <code>\/var\/log<\/code>. For web servers, Nginx logs are in <code>\/var\/log\/nginx<\/code> and Apache in <code>\/var\/log\/apache2<\/code> or <code>\/var\/log\/httpd<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log\nsudo journalctl -u nginx --since \"1 hour ago\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-web-root-locations\">2) Web Root Locations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>By convention, sites live in <code>\/var\/www<\/code>. On cPanel-based servers, user sites live under <code>\/home\/USERNAME\/public_html<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ls -lah \/var\/www\nsudo ls -lah \/home\/USERNAME\/public_html<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-mounting-a-usb-drive\">3) Mounting a USB Drive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Attach the drive, find the device, and mount it to a directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>lsblk\nsudo mkdir -p \/media\/usb\nsudo mount \/dev\/sdc1 \/media\/usb\nsudo umount \/media\/usb<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-finding-large-files-when-disk-is-full\">4) Finding Large Files When Disk Is Full<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Target <code>\/var<\/code> first (logs, caches, databases). Then prune or rotate logs safely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo du -xhd1 \/var | sort -h\nsudo du -ah \/var | sort -h | tail -n 50\nsudo logrotate -f \/etc\/logrotate.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"security-and-reliability-best-practices\">Security and Reliability Best Practices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Principle of least privilege<\/strong>: Restrict write access. Avoid running services as root.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Harden \/tmp<\/strong>: Mount with <code>noexec,nosuid,nodev<\/code> and use sticky bit on world writable directories.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Separate critical mounts<\/strong>: Isolate <code>\/var<\/code> and <code>\/home<\/code> to prevent full disk outages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Enable SELinux\/AppArmor<\/strong>: Confinement reduces blast radius for compromised services.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Backups and snapshots<\/strong>: Use versioned backups; consider LVM\/Btrfs\/ZFS snapshots for fast rollback.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Monitor disk and inode usage<\/strong>: Alert on thresholds to prevent service downtime.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Example hardened \/etc\/fstab entries\ntmpfs \/tmp tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=1777 0 0\nUUID=xxxx-xxxx \/var  xfs  defaults,noatime,nodev,nosuid 0 2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"common-pitfalls-and-how-to-avoid-them\">Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Letting \/var grow unchecked<\/strong>: Use log rotation and watch DB\/caches. Consider separate <code>\/var<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mounting without noatime<\/strong>: Frequent access time writes hurt performance; use <code>noatime<\/code> unless you need it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Misusing permissions<\/strong>: Avoid <code>777<\/code>. Grant only what\u2019s necessary to service users (e.g., <code>www-data<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>No inode monitoring<\/strong>: Millions of tiny files can exhaust inodes before disk space; monitor with <code>df -i<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ignoring backups<\/strong>: Snapshots are not backups. Keep offsite, tested backups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quick-reference-paths-and-patterns\">Quick Reference: Paths and Patterns<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Absolute vs relative paths<\/strong>: <code>\/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf<\/code> vs <code>..\/nginx.conf<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hidden files<\/strong>: Start with <code>.<\/code> (e.g., <code>.env<\/code>), shown with <code>ls -a<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Globs<\/strong>: Wildcards like <code>*.log<\/code>, <code>**\/*.php<\/code> (with shells supporting globstar).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Environment variables<\/strong>: <code>$HOME<\/code>, <code>$PATH<\/code>, <code>$PWD<\/code> influence command behavior.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faqs\">FAQ<strong>s<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1768197733757\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \" class=\"rank-math-question \" id=\"what-is-the-linux-directory-structure-used-for\">What is the Linux directory structure used for?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It organizes system binaries, libraries, configs, logs, devices, and user data in a predictable tree under <code>\/<\/code>. Following FHS ensures tools and admins can consistently find files across distributions, improving manageability and portability.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1768197744676\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \" class=\"rank-math-question \" id=\"which-linux-file-system-should-i-choose-ext4-xfs-btrfs-or-zfs\">Which Linux file system should I choose: ext4, XFS, Btrfs, or ZFS?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>For most servers, ext4 and XFS are reliable defaults. Choose XFS for large file throughput, ext4 for broad compatibility. Btrfs and ZFS offer snapshots and integrity checks, but require more tuning and operational expertise.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1768197754166\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \" class=\"rank-math-question \" id=\"what-is-an-inode-in-linux\">What is an inode in Linux?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>An inode stores file metadata (owner, permissions, timestamps, and data pointers). Filenames map to inodes. You can run out of inodes even with free space if there are too many small files, so track with <code>df -i<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1768197764062\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \" class=\"rank-math-question \" id=\"how-do-i-permanently-mount-a-disk-in-linux\">How do I permanently mount a disk in Linux?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Find the device UUID with <code>blkid<\/code>, create a mount point, and add an entry to <code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code>. Use safe options like <code>defaults,noatime<\/code>. Test with <code>sudo mount -a<\/code> to validate the configuration.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1768197778507\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \" class=\"rank-math-question \" id=\"where-should-i-put-website-files-on-linux\">Where should I put website files on Linux?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>By convention, <code>\/var\/www<\/code> is the web root. On cPanel servers, use <code>\/home\/USERNAME\/public_html<\/code>. Ensure correct ownership (e.g., <code>www-data<\/code> or the cPanel user) and least privilege permissions.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mastering the Linux file system <\/strong>directories, inodes, permissions, and mounts unlocks faster troubleshooting and safer, more scalable servers. If you\u2019re deploying or migrating workloads, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/\">YouStable<\/a><\/strong> can help you choose the right file system, design partitions, and harden security so your sites run smoothly under real world load.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Linux file system is a hierarchical structure that organizes data into files and directories under a single root (\/). [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":18608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[350],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowledgebase"],"acf":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Linux-File-System.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Sanjeet Chauhan","author_link":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/author\/sanjeet"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17375","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17375"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17375\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18610,"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17375\/revisions\/18610"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17375"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17375"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17375"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}