{"id":12731,"date":"2025-12-16T11:30:10","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T06:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/?p=12731"},"modified":"2025-12-16T11:31:42","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T06:01:42","slug":"what-is-yum-on-linux-server","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/what-is-yum-on-linux-server","title":{"rendered":"What is YUM on Linux Server? Complete Package Manager Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>YUM <strong>(Yellowdog Updater, Modified)<\/strong> is the RPM-based package manager used on many Linux servers (CentOS, RHEL, AlmaLinux, Rocky Linux). It resolves dependencies, fetches packages from repositories, and automates installs, updates, and removals. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>On RHEL 8+ derivatives<\/strong>, \u201cyum\u201d is a compatibility wrapper for DNF, but commands remain largely the same. If you\u2019re running a Linux server, understanding YUM on Linux is essential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This guide explains how YUM works, the most useful YUM commands, repository configuration, automation, security updates, and troubleshooting. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I\u2019ll also share production tips from years of managing fleets of <strong>CentOS\/RHEL<\/strong> servers and how we apply these practices on YouStable cloud VPS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-yum-and-how-it-works\"><strong>What is YUM and How it Works<\/strong>?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>YUM is a high level front end for RPM<\/strong>. Instead of manually resolving dependencies and downloading packages, you instruct YUM, and it reads repository metadata, computes dependency trees, and performs transactions safely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It logs history, verifies GPG signatures, and keeps caches to speed up repeated operations. On RHEL 8+ and modern clones, YUM is a symlink\/compat layer to DNF. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Your familiar yum commands still function, but the backend is DNF (libdnf), offering stronger dependency solving and better performance. On CentOS 7 and earlier, YUM is native.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"core-concepts-rpm-repositories-metadata-and-gpg\"><strong>Core Concepts: RPM, Repositories, Metadata, and GPG<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>RPM packages contain software binaries, scripts, and metadata. Repositories are web-accessible locations hosting RPMs plus repodata: package lists, checksums, and dependency info that YUM uses to solve installs and updates. GPG keys are used to verify package integrity, preventing tampered or unsigned packages from being installed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"essential-yum-commands-youll-use-daily\"><strong>Essential YUM Commands You\u2019ll Use Daily<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"update-the-system\"><strong>Update the System<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Always refresh metadata, then bring packages up to date. On production, schedule maintenance windows before kernel or major updates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Update repo metadata\nsudo yum makecache\n\n# Update all packages (may include kernel)\nsudo yum update\n\n# Show what would change (dry run)\nsudo yum update --assumeno<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"search-and-inspect-packages\"><strong>Search and Inspect Packages<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Find packages\nsudo yum search nginx\n\n# Detailed information about a package\nsudo yum info nginx\n\n# List available updates\nsudo yum list updates<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"install-remove-and-list-packages\"><strong>Install, Remove, and List Packages<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Install a package\nsudo yum install nginx\n\n# Remove a package\nsudo yum remove nginx\n\n# List installed packages\nsudo yum list installed\n\n# Verify which package owns a file\nsudo yum provides \/usr\/sbin\/semanage<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"group-operations\"><strong>Group Operations<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>YUM groups let you install a curated set of packages for a role (e.g., \u201cDevelopment Tools\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Show groups\nsudo yum group list\n\n# Install a group\nsudo yum groupinstall \"Development Tools\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cleaning-caches\"><strong>Cleaning Caches<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Clear metadata and package caches\nsudo yum clean all\n\n# Rebuild cache after cleaning\nsudo yum makecache fast<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"configuring-yum-repositories\"><strong>Configuring YUM Repositories<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Repositories live in \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/ as .repo files. Each repo has an ID, baseurl or mirrorlist, and GPG settings. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/edit-wp-config-php-file-in-wordpress\/\">Edit or add files<\/a> carefully and keep backups before changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"create-or-edit-a-repo-file\"><strong>Create or Edit a Repo File<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo vi \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/custom.repo\n\n&#91;custom-app]\nname=Custom App Repo\nbaseurl=https:\/\/repo.example.com\/rpm\/$releasever\/$basearch\nenabled=1\ngpgcheck=1\ngpgkey=https:\/\/repo.example.com\/keys\/RPM-GPG-KEY-custom<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"enable-or-disable-repositories\"><strong>Enable or Disable Repositories<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Requires yum-utils on CentOS 7\nsudo yum install -y yum-utils\n\n# Enable a repo\nsudo yum-config-manager --enable epel\n\n# Disable a repo\nsudo yum-config-manager --disable epel\n\n# Temporarily use a repo for a single transaction\nsudo yum --enablerepo=epel install htop<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"add-epel-popular-extra-packages\"><strong>Add EPEL (Popular Extra Packages)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>EPEL supplies many high-quality extra packages maintained by Fedora. It\u2019s safe and common on CentOS\/RHEL servers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># CentOS\/RHEL 7\nsudo yum install -y epel-release\n\n# Verify and use\nsudo yum repolist\nsudo yum install htop<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gpg-keys-and-security\"><strong>GPG Keys and Security<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep gpgcheck=1. Import official vendor GPG keys, and never set gpgcheck=0 in production. This protects against unsigned or tampered packages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Example: import a vendor GPG key\nsudo rpm --import \/etc\/pki\/rpm-gpg\/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"yum-vs-dnf-whats-different-and-what-stays-the-same\"><strong>YUM vs DNF: What\u2019s Different and What Stays the Same<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On RHEL 8+\/AlmaLinux\/Rocky, yum is a wrapper for dnf. Most commands are identical, but DNF\u2019s dependency solver is faster and more reliable. If you see dnf in documentation, you can usually substitute yum on these systems without changing behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"command-parity-highlights\"><strong>Command Parity Highlights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>yum update \u2248<\/strong> dnf upgrade<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>yum install pkg \u2248<\/strong> dnf install pkg<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>yum remove pkg \u2248<\/strong> dnf remove pkg<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>yum groupinstall &#8220;Dev Tools&#8221; \u2248<\/strong> dnf groupinstall &#8220;Dev Tools&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>yum history \u2248<\/strong> dnf history (with more details in DNF)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If you\u2019re standardizing across mixed fleets (CentOS 7 and Rocky\/Alma 8\/9), document both terms to avoid confusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"advanced-yum-for-production-servers\"><strong>Advanced YUM for Production Servers<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pin-or-lock-package-versions\"><strong>Pin or Lock Package Versions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Stability matters. Use version locks to prevent surprise upgrades of critical components like the kernel, MySQL, or Nginx.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Install versionlock plugin (CentOS 7)\nsudo yum install -y yum-plugin-versionlock\n\n# Lock current nginx version\nsudo yum versionlock add nginx\n\n# List and remove locks\nsudo yum versionlock list\nsudo yum versionlock delete nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"use-history-to-audit-or-roll-back\"><strong>Use History to Audit or Roll Back<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># View transactions\nsudo yum history\n\n# Roll back a transaction ID if safe\nsudo yum history undo &lt;ID&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Rollback works best for simple transactions. For kernel or core library changes, plan a full rollback strategy and snapshots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"download-only-and-offline-installs\"><strong>Download-Only and Offline Installs<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Download RPMs without installing (CentOS 7)\nsudo yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=\/tmp\/rpms nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This is helpful for air-gapped servers or building golden images.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"performance-mirrors-and-cache\"><strong>Performance: Mirrors and Cache<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Enable fastestmirror to pick quicker mirrors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tune metadata_expire to reduce frequent metadata downloads.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Keep a local caching proxy (Squid) for large fleets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># In \/etc\/yum.conf\nfastestmirror=1\nmetadata_expire=6h<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"proxy-support\"><strong>Proxy Support<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># In \/etc\/yum.conf\nproxy=http:\/\/proxy.example.com:3128\nproxy_username=user\nproxy_password=secret<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"automating-updates-and-applying-security-fixes\"><strong>Automating Updates and Applying Security Fixes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"unattended-updates-with-yum-cron\"><strong>Unattended Updates with yum-cron<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For CentOS\/RHEL 7, yum-cron can auto-apply updates or send notifications. For RHEL 8+\/clones, use dnf-automatic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># CentOS\/RHEL 7\nsudo yum install -y yum-cron\nsudo systemctl enable --now yum-cron\n\n# Configure behavior\nsudo vi \/etc\/yum\/yum-cron.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"security-only-updates\"><strong>Security Only Updates<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>On RHEL\/CentOS with security metadata, you can restrict updates to security advisories. Note: some rebuilds may lack complete security metadata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Security advisories only (CentOS\/RHEL 7 with plugin)\nsudo yum --security update\n\n# Minimal required security updates\nsudo yum --security update-minimal<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"kernel-updates-and-reboots\"><strong>Kernel Updates and Reboots<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kernel updates require a reboot to take effect. In maintenance windows, pair updates with controlled reboots and health checks. Tools like kexec or live patching may reduce downtime, but coordinate with your SRE process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"troubleshooting-yum\"><strong>Troubleshooting YUM<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fix-stale-metadata-or-incomplete-transactions\"><strong>Fix Stale Metadata or Incomplete Transactions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Clear everything and retry\nsudo yum clean all\nsudo yum makecache\n\n# Resolve interrupted transactions\nsudo yum-complete-transaction<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dependency-conflicts\"><strong>Dependency Conflicts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Disable conflicting repos temporarily: &#8211;disablerepo=&lt;id&gt;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Exclude risky packages in \/etc\/yum.conf: exclude=kernel* mysql*<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lock versions with yum-plugin-versionlock.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"repository-unavailable-or-gpg-errors\"><strong>Repository Unavailable or GPG Errors<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Check network and proxy settings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Verify baseurl\/mirrorlist and GPG key URLs in repo files.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Confirm system time (TLS fails if the clock is wrong).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rhel-subscription-issues\"><strong>RHEL Subscription Issues<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>On RHEL, ensure entitlements are active and correct repositories are enabled with subscription-manager. Without active repos, YUM\/DNF won\u2019t find packages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"real-world-use-cases-on-youstable-vps\"><strong>Real-World Use Cases on YouStable VPS<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"provisioning-minimal-images\"><strong>Provisioning Minimal Images<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>On YouStable VPS, we recommend starting with a minimal CentOS\/Alma\/Rocky image and installing only what you need via YUM. This reduces the attack surface and speeds up patch cycles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"controlled-update-policy\"><strong>Controlled Update Policy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pin critical components, apply security updates weekly, and schedule full updates monthly. For clusters, roll updates node-by-node to maintain uptime. Our infrastructure team follows the same pattern across production fleets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rollback-and-recovery-plan\"><strong>Rollback and Recovery Plan<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Before major updates, take snapshots (or images) of your YouStable VPS. If an update breaks an application, use yum history undo when appropriate, or revert to the snapshot to restore service quickly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"best-practices-checklist\"><strong>Best Practices Checklist<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Keep gpgcheck=1 and import correct vendor keys.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use stable, verified repositories (EPEL, vendor-provided repos).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Document enabled repos and lock critical package versions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Automate security updates; schedule full updates in maintenance windows.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Test updates in staging before production rollout.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Snapshot or back up before major changes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Monitor with alerts for update failures or repo outages.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faqs-yum-on-linux-servers\"><strong>FAQ&#8217;s &#8211; YUM on Linux Servers<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1765614397409\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \" class=\"rank-math-question \" id=\"is-yum-the-same-as-rpm\"><strong>Is YUM the same as RPM?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. RPM installs individual packages but doesn\u2019t resolve dependencies automatically. YUM is a higher-level tool that uses RPM under the hood while handling dependency resolution, repositories, and transactions for you.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1765614405796\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \" class=\"rank-math-question \" id=\"is-it-safe-to-run-yum-update-on-production\"><strong>Is it safe to run \u201cyum update\u201d on production?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, when planned properly. Take a snapshot, review changes with \u201cyum update &#8211;assumeno,\u201d apply during maintenance windows, and reboot if kernels or core libraries change. Consider version locks for critical components.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1765614413596\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \" class=\"rank-math-question \" id=\"how-do-i-roll-back-a-bad-update\"><strong>How do I roll back a bad update?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Use \u201cyum history\u201d to identify the transaction and \u201cyum history undo &lt;ID&gt;\u201d to revert if safe. For complex updates (kernels, glibc, database engines), revert to a pre-update snapshot for reliability.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1765614420543\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \" class=\"rank-math-question \" id=\"how-do-i-list-only-security-updates\"><strong>How do I list only security updates?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>On CentOS\/RHEL 7 with security metadata and plugins, run \u201cyum &#8211;security list updates\u201d or \u201cyum &#8211;security update.\u201d On some rebuilds, security metadata may be partial; verify your distro\u2019s support before relying on it.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1765614429121\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \" class=\"rank-math-question \" id=\"whats-the-difference-between-yum-and-dnf\"><strong>What\u2019s the difference between YUM and DNF?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>DNF is the next-generation package manager that replaced YUM on RHEL 8+. It offers improved dependency solving and performance. The \u201cyum\u201d command on these systems calls DNF, so most workflows and syntax remain the same.<\/p>\n<p>Mastering YUM on Linux gives you confident control over software on your servers. Whether you run a single VPS or a fleet, following the practices above\u2014combined with the reliable infrastructure at YouStable\u2014keeps your stack secure, current, and predictable.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>YUM (Yellowdog Updater, Modified) is the RPM-based package manager used on many Linux servers (CentOS, RHEL, AlmaLinux, Rocky Linux). It [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":13823,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[350,1195],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowledgebase","category-blogging"],"acf":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/What-is-YUM-on-Linux-Server.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Sanjeet Chauhan","author_link":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/author\/sanjeet"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12731","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12731"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12731\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13825,"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12731\/revisions\/13825"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12731"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12731"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youstable.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12731"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}